Pesticide Policies in Developing Countries

This book PDF is perfect for those who love Law genre, written by Jumanah Farah and published by Washington, DC : World Bank which was released on 29 March 1994 with total hardcover pages 60. You could read this book directly on your devices with pdf, epub and kindle format, check detail and related Pesticide Policies in Developing Countries books below.

Pesticide Policies in Developing Countries
Author : Jumanah Farah
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Publisher : Washington, DC : World Bank
Language : English
Release Date : 29 March 1994
ISBN : UCSD:31822020809646
Pages : 60 pages
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Pesticide Policies in Developing Countries by Jumanah Farah Book PDF Summary

Agricultural pests and diseases increased with the intensification of agricultural production resulting in a worldwide increase in pesticide use. The rate of increase was greatest in the developing countries, although the bulk of pesticides is still used in the developed countries. The heavy reliance on chemical pesticides is mainly due to the fact that, in the post-World War II era, synthetic pesticides seemed to provide a quick and easy solution to pests and diseases. Little was known then about their adverce, even dangeorus, sid-effects and externalities on human welfare and the environment. When problems associated with pesticide use became obvious and critical, research on alternative methods of pest management was speeded up and has yielded a new approach to pest control, the integrated pest management (IPM) concept which combines several pest control techniques, including adapted crop management practices, and biological, mechanical and chemical pest control measures. By using non-chemical as well as chemical control measures. IPM reduces the extent of use of pesticides. However, although IPM has proved to be successful in several instances and in different areas of the world, it has not been widely adopted by farmers in developing countries. It is suggested here that an important reason why IPM is not widely in practice in developing countries (the focus of this report), is that the current economic environment and government policies related to pesticides, and to pest management in general, induce an excessive (above the socially optimal level) chemical pesticide use. It is argued here that, the excessive and non-judicious use of pesticides being always associated with negative externalities, governments' interventions through taxation and regulations are needed to minimize these adverse effects. The paper analyzes the pesticide-related policies of a large number of developing countries (pesticides in crop protection and public health uses) using a conceptual framework which distinguishes between price and non-price factors that encourage the execessive and non-judicious use of pesticides. The price factors include all forms of subsidies provided for pesticide imports, local manufacture and use, e.g. preferential foreign exhange rates for imports, reduced or exempted taxes on imports, sales and domestic manufacture, provision of free pesticides, etc.; while the non-price factors include excessive investments in pesticide research and farmers' training in pesticide use while neglecting alternatives, extension focusing on pesticides, lack of information to officials at the policy level and to farmers on alternative pest management technology, etc. On the findings of this report is that the majority of the developing countries are providing financial incentives to farmers to use pesticides and are directly and indirectly subsidizing pesticide imports, domestic manufacture, sales ans use with a combination of mechanisms. Similarly, a number of non-price policies encourage pesticide use in some developing countries where relatively little emphasis is placed on research, extension and farmers' training in IPM as against the pronounced emphasis on chemical pesticides.

Pesticide Policies in Developing Countries

Agricultural pests and diseases increased with the intensification of agricultural production resulting in a worldwide increase in pesticide use. The rate of increase was greatest in the developing countries, although the bulk of pesticides is still used in the developed countries. The heavy reliance on chemical pesticides is mainly due

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A Growing Problem

Extensive review of pesticide problems in the Third World. Its main subjects are the problem of resistance, occupational and accidental poisoning, residues in food and environment, advertising and promotion activities to sell pesticides, cost and benefit balances for the poorest and finally the possibilities of integrated pest management for the

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At the beginning of the 1970’s, global grain reserves were level and food prices were low however as the decade progressed crop production plummeted leading to a food crisis. Originally published in the aftermath in 1977, Crosson and Frederick set out to explore the ability of agricultural output to meet the

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Since its inception in the 1960s, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has become the dominant paradigm in crop protection. Its ecological approach-involving a minimum use of pesticides-has accounted for much of its popularity, and it has been widely adopted by a range of development agencies. This book outlines some of the

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International Code of Conduct on Pesticide Management

The understanding that some pesticides are more hazardous than others is well established. Recognition of this is reflected by the World Health Organization (WHO) Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard, which was first published in 1975. The document classifies pesticides in one of five hazard classes according to their acute toxicity.

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Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and

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Production and use of pesticides - Toxic effects of pesticides - Short and long-term health effects of pesticides : epidemiological data - Populations at risk - Public health impact - Prevention of pesticide poisoning.

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